GENERAL FACTORS

Predictions by leading financiers, Goldman Sachs, are ranking Brazil amongst the top 5 world economies by the year 2050. As one world’s largest countries, with a current population of over 180 million, Brazil’s economic potential is enormous. The current availability of cheap labor and materials, coupled with undervalued real estate, mean the conditions for growth are outstanding.

Major investment is ongoing to improve Brazil’s infrastructure and create purpose built tourist facilities. Due to increased efforts by its government, Brazil experienced 48% growth in its tourism industry between 2002 and 2005, with further growth predicted in 2006 and 2007.

Growth is being centered on the coastal destinations of Fortaleza (State of Ceara), Salvador and Natal in particular, which is the closest point of Latin America to Europe and the location of a new airport which shall be the EIGHTH largest in the world. Easy access from North America and Europe is on the increase, with costs of travel reducing each year, giving Brazil a truly global investment and tourism appeal.

With a Tropical stable climate, world-famous, beautiful beaches and a year-round tourist season, Brazil is set to benefit purchasers with buy-to-let investment strategies. The low cost of living (20% of that in the UK) also appeals to investors and tourists looking for a lower cost alternative to the peaking Caribbean market.

There are no complications regarding property ownership in Brazil and investments can be purchased as 100% Freehold.

We will assume that you already have made up your mind to invest in real estate and to do so in Brazil.

CAUSE:

There are three reasons that I think are the most important for this to happen:

1.) Low labor cost and low living expenses.

2.) Government incentives are abundant since the states are looking forward to the economy becoming even stronger through this.

3.) Last but not least the stable climate without earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunami, terrorism or any of the God’s acts that let us know where our place is.

Of course, we cannot forget the friendliness of the locals and lower crime levels than those of the South & Central regions of the country.

EFFECT:

Advantages of Brazil Investment

* Property capital appreciation of 20% average in the Northeast per annum.
* Favorable currency exchange rates, making property transactions cheap for foreign investors.
* President Lula’s progressive policies, bringing many improvements to Brazil , including a decrease in inflation to an all-time low at 5.7%.
* Active encouragement and incentives for foreign investment - you can own 100% of land and property.
* Cost of living only 20% of that in the UK/Europe and property maintenance costs extremely low.
* Some of the lowest property prices in the world.
* Increase of thriving manufacturing industries relocated to Brazil and boosting the economy.
* Expected self sufficiency in oil reserves within the next year.
* Some economists believe Brazil is amongst the leaders of the future, along with Russia , India and China .
* Year-round sunshine, with average summer temperatures of 21°C.
* Great natural beauty with fantastic scenery and 7,000km of beaches.
* Friendly nature of the Brazilian people.
* Vibrant cities with carnivals and music.
* Low international risk of war, terrorism or SARS in Brazil .
* Easy access via direct flights from many international airports.
* Donald Trump invested here very successfully.
* Billions of U$ Dollars are being poured into the real estate market making it very stable and profitable.
* Brazilian currency is strong on the Forex markets further lowering risk.

Now, let’s discuss why to make investments in the Northeast and more specifically State of Ceara?

The Northeast region of Brazil is the fastest growing area on the South American continent. This is in regards to economic factors such as export/import, tourism, real estate, natural resources & energy etc….

We have seen a steady value appreciation of these investments over the last four to five years and especially real estate geared towards tourism and golf.

Numerous developments such as resorts & hotels with beach front condominiums full of villas (in hundreds and sometimes in thousands) including golf courses have been springing up every 100km or so throughout the 2500 km of the Northeast’s Coast Line.

State of Ceara , with it’s capital City of Fortaleza has been undoubtly attracting the most savvy of the investments in the region. South America’s largest water park is located here and the Pinto Martins International Airport is fit to accommodate a large amount of flights and is currently in an expansion stage.

There are a minimum of four golf course developments under construction at this time and there is THE largest tourism development in this country covering an area of 3100 hectares or 31 Million square meters well on its way. The evaluated grand total of this enormous undertaking is over U$D20 Billion. It’s in the construction stage as well. Another pre-approved project has been recently sold to an undisclosed investor in the, not undermining size, of 1020 hectares with licenses for a Marina, 16 resorts, golf course, private airport, convention center & shopping mall, etc…These are just the two largest developments in this state besides many others. Inside the City of Fortaleza buildings are popping up everywhere and the construction trade has received a very significant rise in demand (since 1998 to today 1000% growth). Rentable property is a very interesting factor, however there are a few good managing companies available for to the public.

This state is very strategically and geographically located in relation to main cities in Europe like Lisbon, Madrid, Paris, Milan, Amsterdam, Brussels, Oslo, London, Copenhagen etc…as well as Miami, New York, Boston,USA.

The Capital of Fortaleza has the largest population in the Northeast and yet incredible to say the lowest crime rate in the area.

There are Mountains with waterfalls and European climate 3-6 hours of a drive away, depending of course on which one desires to visit, the world-wide famous beaches like Jericoacoara, Cumbuco, Fleixeiras, Lagoinha, Praia das Fontes etc…..

There are over 1000 edible fruits here, interesting cuisine, vital to the Brazilian Culture is the nightlife with the various restaurants and bars which are great investments for the well informed persons with outdoor seating and gardens.

If you’re in the market for a new home, you figure it must be less expensive to buy now than when rates go up even further, assuming housing prices stay strong in the near term, something economists expect will happen. That may be the only thing you can be sure about.

But finding the best type of mortgage for your situation can feel a little like finding the perfect ecru in a sea of beige.

It doesn’t have to be that way. If you ask yourself the right questions, you at least can narrow your search to the best category of mortgage for which you need to comparison shop.

15-year versus 30-year debate

The first question you should ask is, “How much can I afford to pay on a monthly basis?”

Keep in mind, your mortgage payment is only part of what you’ll pay to live in your home. You also should budget for furniture, your house’s upkeep and the general expenses of life (like, say, food).

A 30-year mortgage will have a lower monthly payment and a higher interest rate than a 15-year mortgage. So you’ll have a smaller monthly obligation but you’ll pay more for your house over time because you’re paying it off with interest for a longer period.

Conversely, a 15-year mortgage will have a higher monthly payment and a lower interest rate so you’ll pay less for your house because you’re paying it off in a shorter period.

“For most home buyers, especially first-time buyers, taking a 15-year (or 20-year) mortgage is out of the question,” said Keith Gumbinger, vice president for mortgage tracker HSH Associates. The higher monthly payments are often too much to handle for these types of buyers.

But for home buyers with sufficient income and a desire to be mortgage-free in a short time, a 15-year loan might be a good bet.

Fixed versus adjustable-rate conundrum

The second question you should ask is, “How long will you be in the house?” You probably can’t answer with absolute certainty, but you can play the odds.

Say, for example, you’re single and buying a small condo but you can easily envision yourself married; or you’ve just started a family and plan to expand it at some point. Chances are good you’ll want to trade up to a new home in five to seven years. On the other hand, maybe you’ve had your family and want to settle into a place with a good school system, which your kids will be using for the next 12 years.

Whatever the answer, it will help you decide whether it makes sense to get a fixed-rate or an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).

A fixed-rate mortgage locks in a rate for the length of your loan.

ARMs, meanwhile, are short-term fixed-rate loans: After the fixed rate term is up, the rate adjusts at regular intervals in accordance with current interest rate conditions at that time. A 5/1 ARM, for example, has a fixed rate for five years and then adjusts every year for the next 25 years. (ARMs typically run on a 30-year schedule.)

The length of the fixed-rate term on an ARM typically can range anywhere from one month to 10 years. The longer the rate is fixed, the higher the interest rate you’ll get. But generally speaking — and there have been exceptions in the past — ARMs will cost you less in the short-term. With the ARM, both your monthly payments and interest rates should be lower than either a fixed rate 15-year or 30-year mortgage.

The risk with an ARM is that when interest rates rise, you could end up paying much more than you bargained for. “You’re subject to the vagaries of the market,” Gumbinger said. That’s why in today’s low-rate environment, he noted, “You want to maximize the fixed-rate picture to match your time frame.”

If you know you’ll be in a home for 12 years or more, a 30-year fixed rate mortgage might work better for you than, say, a 5/1 ARM, where you fix a rate for five years and then it adjusts every year after that. But if you think you won’t be in the home longer than five or six years, a 5/1 ARM might make more sense.

A dollars-and-sense exercise

Say you need a $200,000 loan to buy a home and you can get the current average rates for a 30-year fixed, a 15-year fixed, or a 5/1 adjustable rate mortgage.

With the 30-year fixed rate at 6.62 percent, your monthly payment would be $1,280. The interest you pay over the life of your loan would total $260,786.

With a 15-year fixed rate at 5.94 percent, your monthly payment would be $1,681. The interest you pay over the life of your loan would total $102,623, or about $158,163 less than the 30-year fixed.

With a 5/1 ARM at 4.20 percent, your monthly payment would be $978 for the first five years. The total interest you pay over the life of the loan if you stayed in your home past five years is anyone’s guess because your rate would then adjust annually. But if you move after five years, that won’t be an issue.

Source: CNNMoney

Homeowners looking to sell in most parts of the country haven’t had to wait around very long for a suitable offer, and those in the best markets have seen their homes swooped up in a matter of days, even hours.

In early 2003, in fact, 21 percent of all houses went into contract less than one week after going on the market, according to the National Association of Realtors (NAR). On average, houses sold in just five weeks - nearly half the time it took throughout the 1990s.

“I believe this may be our best year ever,” said David Hemenway, a realtor in Cottage Grove, Ore., who’s been in the business since 1968. On the other side of the country in Sebring, Fla., realtor Chip Boring is enjoying a record year.

Yet, both are aware that great times can’t last forever. “Up until the last 2 1/2 years the average time on the market was anywhere from 180 days to 210 days,” Boring said. And Hemenway recalls the early 1980s when his listings lingered on the market, sometimes for years.

As interest rates creep up, buyers’ budgets creep down and markets return to more normal levels, sellers will discover that it takes a little more work (and patience) to unload their homes.

Many already have. While there is little you can do to change the laws of supply and demand, you have some control over whether your house sits or sells.

Here are the most common reasons houses don’t sell, in order of importance.

The price is not right

Even in the best of markets, setting your price too high is a mistake — unless you really don’t want to sell your house.

“Starting too high is the worst thing you can do,” said Hemenway.

Why? Because your greatest opportunity for selling your house is immediately after it goes on the market. That’s when the majority of serious buyers will see the house.

“Even if you lower the price to reflect the market, you’ll have fewer people coming through than if you’d just priced it right to begin with,” said Hemenway.

In fact, it’s not until after you bring the price down below the market - something few sellers want to do - that interest will pick up again.

To make matters worse, say real estate agents, the longer a house sits the harder it is to sell. “Everyone thinks there must be something wrong with the house if it hasn’t sold,” said Boring, adding that for this reason he won’t take on a listing if the seller insists on asking more than the house is worth.

To drum up new interest among buyers, sellers sometimes pay for extra advertising or offer to, for example, pay for closing costs as a way to get buyers’ attention. “In markets where people don’t have a lot of cash, paying for closing costs or buying down interest rates with points up front can put you at a huge advantage,” said Ron Phipps, a realtor in Warwick, R.I.

The house is in the wrong place

When markets are good, buyers are more willing to buy on the outskirts of an area or turn a blind eye to busy streets, bad views and other problems. But when markets cool down, it’s these spots that suffer the most, said Hemenway.

Short of moving the house, there is not much you can do if it is in the wrong location. But while in the house you can take care to make sure you don’t over-improve your property relative to the ones around it.

“If you have a $300,000 house in a neighborhood of $100,000, be prepared to lower the price or let it sit,” said Boring.

Buyers can’t get past the front door

Realtors say that getting buyers to take a look inside a house is the biggest challenge of selling a house. Once they’ve stepped through the door buyers are more likely to consider a place.

“I recently sold a house that from the front was not very inspired,” said Phipps. “The buyers came to the open house only because they needed to kill time, but once inside they were interested.”

For this reason, a little time and money spent on curb appeal will go a long way. Trimming the grass, washing the windows and planting a few flowers may be all it takes.

In the case of houses whose best features are inside or out back, Phipps recommends taking good interior pictures and putting 360-degree tours online.

Sellers sometimes get buyers to look past their homes’ imperfections with creative extras. “I’ve seen sellers offer decorating allowances, and pay for cleaning service and landscaping,” said Phipps. “Several years ago a seller in the bakery business offered to bring the buyer a different cake every month.”

Too much chintz and tchotchkes

Less is more when it comes to attracting buyers.

“Put all of those pictures of your family and other personal treasures away,” said Sheryl Gregory, a broker in Wynthrop, Maine. “It distracts buyers and makes it harder for them to picture themselves in the house.”

She also recommends taking down distracting curtains and putting on a fresh coat of paint. “Buyers sometimes get scared if they wander through a house and think they’re going to have to do a lot of painting,” she added.

Source: CNNMoney

When you decide to sell, the first thing to do is investigate the local housing market.

Consult the large real estate sites, like Realtor.com, Zillow.com and HomeGain.com to see how similar homes are priced in your neighborhood. Many newspapers also list the selling and asking prices of recent sales, plus how long the houses were on the market. Note the prices for your neighborhood during the last several months.

Check how sales were running, say, a year ago, so you get an idea of whether the market is heating up, cooling down, or staying put. This exercise should give you a sense of what your home is worth.

Selecting an agent

You may decide that you can sell your home without an agent. It’s an attractive thought, since you would save the 6 percent of the selling price that a broker typically collects. But balance that against the work involved in advertising a house and being available at all hours to show it.

If you do decide to work through an agent, ask for referrals from friends or check the Web and local newspapers for advertisements. Don’t simply accept any recommendation. Make an appointment with an agent and interview him or her for the job.

Evaluate the person as though you were a buyer: Is he or she professional and personable? Does he say the right things to make you want to see the home? Also, since the agent will likely be able to advise you on a selling price, how well does his or her price jibe with the homework you did on your own? Don’t be fooled by an agent who is merely flattering you with an inflated price. Go by what you already know about your house and the current housing market.

Ask whether he or she will be the agent actually showing the house. Some brokers have specialists whose main duty is to win the listing. Then another of the broker’s agents takes over.

The lowdown on commissions

Once you find an agent you like, you have to formally sign a listing agreement. This is a contract, laying out the specifics of your arrangement, including how long you will let the agent represent your home and what the compensation will be.

Many agents prefer an exclusive listing, meaning you agree to pay a commission regardless of whether the agent is actually responsible for finding the seller. You should commit for no longer than three months (one month, in a hot market). In case you find the agent lacking in enthusiasm, you don’t want to be locked into a bad situation.

When you discuss the listing agreement, discuss other issues as well. For instance, if there are certain times when you want the house off-limits for walk-throughs, let the agent know.

Also, consider negotiating the commission. If your house is expensive, an agent might not flinch if you suggest 4 or 5 percent instead of the usual 6. Conversely, if you know it’s a buyer’s market, consider offering the incentive of a higher commission if the agent can land you a sale within 5 percent of your asking price.

After you’ve signed a listing agreement, you may want to give your lawyer a call to notify him or her that you’re selling your house and will need help reviewing bids and contracts. If you don’t want to pay for a lawyer, your agent should also be able to guide you through this process.

Getting ready for an open house

Whether you sell on your own or work with an agent, you’ll want to spruce up your house before it goes on the market.

Take an objective look at it: Is it cluttered? A little worn and tired? Consider a new paint job. Tidy up. Move unneeded furniture into the attic, basement or rented storage. Remove some of your personal items, like family pictures and knickknacks. Mow the lawn. Plant flowers, if it’s the right season. These seemingly insignificant details can add many thousands of dollars to your eventual sales price.

If you’re no good at this kind of thing, consider hiring a home “stager,” someone with experience preparing homes for showings. Their fees can be more than offset by quicker sales and higher selling prices.

Speaking of which, you’ll need to settle on an asking price. In doing so, forget what you originally paid for the house, how much you’ve spent on renovations or remodeling, and even how much money you need to move on to your next home. When it comes to pricing your property, the only yardstick that matters is what comparable homes are selling for in your neighborhood now — which may be more, or less, than you sank into it.

Your research will already have given you a good idea of how the market is faring. Your agent should also provide you with comparable sales and discuss why your house should be priced higher or lower.

Timing is the key

Also note how long the homes were on the market. If you’re in a seller’s market, with listings moving in a week or two, think about adding a premium to the asking price.

In a buyer’s market, it’s especially important to get the price right. The critical selling time is within the first month after your home hits the market. If the price is too high, you’ll turn off potential buyers and agents and then have a hard time attracting them back, even if you lower your sights later.

When you receive a bid via your agent ask for guidance in how to respond. This will depend on how you priced the house, what the housing market is in your area and your urgency to sell or wait for a better price.

Make sure your lawyer or agent reviews the contingency clauses included with the bid. For example, it’s generally not a good idea to agree to sell your home with the contingency that the buyer must first sell his or her own home.

Also make sure that all the buyer’s contingencies are restricted within specific amounts of time. For instance, if the deal is contingent upon the home passing an inspection, then the inspection must occur within a week to 10 days of an accepted bid. The same is true of the closing date: Make the buyer commit to a reasonable date, usually 45 to 60 days from acceptance.

Source: CNNMoney

Once you find the house you want, you need to move quickly to make your bid. If you’re working with a buyer’s broker, then get advice from him or her on an initial offer. If you’re working with a seller’s agent, devise the strategy yourself.

Try to line up data on at least three houses that have sold recently in the neighborhood. Calculate the difference between the original list price and the final price of the homes sold.

If the average difference is, say, 5 percent below the asking price, then you know you can make an offer 8 percent to 10 percent below, leaving yourself a little room to negotiate. If you really want the house, don’t lowball. The seller may give up in disgust.

Another factor to consider in determining your bid is whether the trend in recent home sales is up or down over the past year. For instance, if houses a year ago were selling at list, and recent ones are going at 3 percent below, then you might want to sharpen your pencil for your opening bid to just 5 to 8 percent below list.

There’s no foolproof system for negotiating a fair price. Occasionally it’s best to deal directly with the seller yourself. More often it’s better to work exclusively through intermediaries. In general, don’t let the other side begin to believe you are negotiating in bad faith or being deceptive — any deal you eventually reach has to involve trust on both sides.

Be creative about finding ways to satisfy the seller’s needs. For instance, ask if the seller would throw in kitchen and laundry appliances if you meet his price — or take them away in exchange for a lower price. Remember, too, that your leverage depends on the pace of the market. In a slow market, you’ve got muscle; in a hot market, you may have none at all.

Once you reach a mutually acceptable price, the seller’s agent will draw up an offer to purchase that includes an estimated closing date (usually 45 to 60 days from acceptance of the offer).

Have your lawyer or buyers agent review this document to make sure the deal is contingent upon:

1. Your obtaining a mortgage;

2. A home inspection that shows no significant defects (make sure you’re clear on the definition of “significant”);

3. A guarantee that you may conduct a walk-through inspection 24 hours before closing. This last clause allows you to check the home after the sellers have moved out so that you have time to negotiate payment for repairs, just in case the movers cause any damage, or that big living room sofa was hiding a hole in the floor.

You also need to make a good-faith deposit - usually 1 percent to 10 percent of the purchase price - that should be deposited into an escrow account. The seller will receive this money after the deal has closed. If the deal falls through, you will get the money back only if you or the home failed any of the contingency clauses.

Now call your mortgage broker or lender and move quickly to agree on terms, if you have not already done so. This is when you decide whether to go with the fixed rate or adjustable rate mortgage and whether to pay points (see “Picking a team”). Expect to pay $50 to $75 for a credit check at this point, and another $150, on average to $300 for an appraisal of the home. Most other fees will be due at the closing.

If you don’t already have one, look into taking out a homeowner’s insurance policy, too. Ask for recommendations from friends, your lawyer or your real estate agent. Most lenders require that you have homeowner’s insurance in place before they’ll approve your loan.

In addition to the appraisal that the mortgage lender will make of your home, you should hire your own home inspector. Again, ask for referrals, or check with the American Society of Home Inspectors, a trade group. An inspection costs about $300, on average, and up to $1,000 for a big job and takes two hours or more.

Ask to be present during the inspection, because you will learn a lot about your house, including its overall condition, construction materials, wiring, and heating. If the inspector turns up major problems, like a roof that needs to be replaced, then ask your lawyer or agent to discuss it with the seller. You will either want the seller to fix the problem before you move in, or deduct the cost of the repair from the final price. If the seller won’t agree to either remedy you may decide to walk away from the deal, which you can do without penalty if you have that contingency written into the contract.

About two days before the actual closing, you will receive a final HUD Settlement Statement from your lender that lists all the charges you can expect to pay at closing.

Review it carefully. It will include things like the cost of title insurance that protects you and the lender from any claims someone may make regarding ownership of your property. The cost of title insurance varies greatly from state to state but usually comes in at less than 1 percent (in Iowa, as little as 0.1 percent plus a fixed fee) of the home’s price.

The lender might also require you to establish an escrow account, which it can tap if you fall behind on your mortgage or property tax payments. Lenders can require deposits of up to two months’ worth of payments.

After all this rigamarole, the actual closing is often somewhat anticlimactic, though perhaps still nerve-racking. It’s a ritual affair, with customs that differ by region. Your lawyer or real estate agent can brief you on the particulars.

Source: CNNMoney

Here is another article from the CNN website concerning the your finance when buying a property:

Your credit rating is the key to being able to get an attractive mortgage

For most people, buying a house involves a double financial whammy. First you have to assemble a pile of cash for the down payment and closing costs. Then you must convince a bank to lend you an even more staggering sum - generally 80 percent or more of the purchase price.

So your first step, even before you start the actual hunt for a property, should be to get your financial house in order.

Start with your credit

Credit reports are kept by the three major credit agencies, Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. Among other things, they show whether you are habitually late with payments and whether you have run into serious credit problems in the past.

A credit score is a number calculated by Fair Isaac based on the information in your credit report. You have three different credit scores, one for each of your credit reports.

A low credit score may hurt your chances for getting the best interest rate, or getting financing at all. So get a copy of your reports and know your credit scores. Try Fair Isaac’s MyFICO.com, which charges upwards of $50 for all three reports and scores.

Errors are not uncommon. If you find any, you must contact the agencies directly to correct them, which can take two or three months to resolve. If the report is accurate but shows past problems, be prepared to explain them to a loan officer.

Know what you can afford

Next, you need to determine how much house you can afford. You can start with one of the Web’s many calculators, like the ones on CNNMoney.com and Quicken.com. For a more accurate figure, ask to be pre-approved by a lender, who will look at your income, debt and credit to determine the kind of loan that’s in your league.

The rule of thumb here is to aim for a home that costs about two-and-a-half times your gross annual salary. Use this only as a general guide, though. Many factors can change that equation. If you have significant credit card debt or other financial obligations like alimony or even an expensive hobby, then you may need to set your sights lower.

Another rule of thumb: All your monthly home payments should not exceed 28 percent of your gross monthly income.

The size of your downpayment will also determine how much you can afford.

Line up cash

If you haven’t already, you’ll need to come up with cash your down payment and closing costs. Lenders like to see 20 percent of the home’s price as a down payment. If you can put down more than that, the lender may be willing to approve a larger loan. If you have less, you’ll need to find loans that can accommodate you.

Various private and public agencies - including Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the Federal Housing Administration, and the Department of Veteran Affairs - provide low down payment mortgages through banks and mortgage companies. If you qualify, it’s possible to pay as little as 3 percent up front. For more, check out their Web sites at Fanniemae.com or Freddiemac.com.

A warning: With a down payment under 20 percent, you will probably wind up having to pay for private mortgage insurance, a safety net protecting the bank in case you fail to make payments. PMI adds about 0.5 percent of the total loan amount to your mortgage payments for the year. So if you finance $200,000, your PMI will cost $1,000 annually.

Increasingly, though, lenders are giving qualified buyers the option of using “piggyback loans” to cover a portion of a home’s downpayment and avoid paying PMI. These second loans are usually in the form of a home equity loan or line of credit for 10 percent to 15 percent of the home’s purchase price.

Once you’ve considered the downpayment, make sure you’ve got enough to cover fees and closing costs. These may include the appraisal fee, loan fees, attorney’s fees, inspection fees, and the cost of a title search. They can easily add up to more than $10,000 — and often run to 5 percent of the mortgage amount.

If your available cash doesn’t cover your needs, you have several options. First-time homebuyers can withdraw up to $10,000 without penalty from an Individual Retirement Account, if you have one, though you must pay taxes on the amount. You can also receive a cash gift of up to $12,000 a year (the limit for 2006) from each of your parents without triggering a gift tax.

Gift taxes are paid by the donor, not the recipient. (In fact, if your and your spouse’s parents are both well-heeled, they can give you a total of $96,000 in one year — $12,000 from each of the four parents to each of you.)

Check on whether your employer can help; some big companies will chip in on the down payment or help you get a low-interest loan from selected lenders. You can also tap a 401(k) or similar retirement plan for a loan from yourself.

Source: CNNMoney.com

1. Don’t buy if you can’t stay put.

If you can’t commit to remaining in one place for at least a few years, then owning is probably not for you, at least not yet. With the transaction costs of buying and selling a home, you may end up losing money if you sell any sooner.

2. Start by shoring up your credit.

Since you most likely will need to get a mortgage to buy a house, you must make sure your credit history is as clean as possible. A few months before you start house hunting, get copies of your credit report. Make sure the facts are correct, and fix any problems you discover.

3. Aim for a home you can really afford.

The rule of thumb is that you can buy housing that runs about two-and-one-half times your annual salary. But you’ll do better to use one of many calculators available online to get a better handle on how your income, debts, and expenses affect what you can afford.

4. Don’t worry if you can’t put down the usual 20 percent.

There are a variety of public and private lenders who, if you qualify, offer low-interest mortgages that require a down payment as small as 3 percent of the purchase price.

5. Buy in a district with good schools.

In most areas, this advice applies even if you don’t have school-age children. Reason: When it comes time to sell, you’ll learn that strong school districts are a top priority for many home buyers, thus helping to boost property values.

6. Get professional help.

Even though the Internet gives buyers unprecedented access to home listings, most new buyers (and many more experienced ones) are better off using a professional agent. Look for an exclusive buyer agent, if possible, who will have your interests at heart and can help you with strategies during the bidding process.

7. Choose carefully between points and rate.

When picking a mortgage, you usually have the option of paying additional points — a portion of the interest that you pay at closing — in exchange for a lower interest rate. If you stay in the house for a long time — say five to seven years or more — it’s usually a better deal to take the points. The lower interest rate will save you more in the long run.

8. Before house hunting, get pre-approved.

Getting pre-approved will you save yourself the grief of looking at houses you can’t afford and put you in a better position to make a serious offer when you do find the right house. Not to be confused with pre-qualification, which is based on a cursory review of your finances, pre-approval from a lender is based on your actual income, debt and credit history.

9. Do your homework before bidding.

Your opening bid should be based on the sales trend of similar homes in the neighborhood. So before making it, consider sales of similar homes in the last three months. If homes have recently sold at 5 percent less than the asking price, you should make a bid that’s about eight to 10 percent lower than what the seller is asking.

10. Hire a home inspector.

Sure, your lender will require a home appraisal anyway. But that’s just the bank’s way of determining whether the house is worth the price you’ve agreed to pay. Separately, you should hire your own home inspector, preferably an engineer with experience in doing home surveys in the area where you are buying. His or her job will be to point out potential problems that could require costly repairs down the road.

Source: CNNMoney.com

Esra Özsümer

Başbakan Erdoğan’ın kamuoyunda ‘mortgage tasarısı’ olarak bilinen İpotekli Konut Finansmanı Yasa Tasarısı’nın Meclis’te bu hafta içinde görüşülmeye başlanacağını açıklamasıyla tekrar gündeme gelen mortgage tartışmaları, özellikle ‘vergi teşviki verlecek mi, verilmeyecek mi?’ konusunda yoğunlaşıyor.
Erdoğan’ın ‘vergi kanunlarında yapılan değişikliklerle sistemin üzerindeki maliyetlerin azaltılacağı ve sistemin işleyişinin gerektirdiği faaliyetlerin yürütülmesi sırasında ortaya ek vergilerin çıkmasının engelleneceği’ yönünde açıklama yapması, gayrimenkul ve finans çevrelerinde ‘vergi teşviki geri dönüyor’ sinyali olarak algılandı.
Ancak Maliye Bakanı Kemal Unakıtan’ın dün yaptığı açıklamada, “Faizlerde vergi muafiyetine karşıyız. Herhangi bir şekilde faizlerde muafiyet olmasın istiyoruz” demesi kafaları karıştırdı.
Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu’nun (SPK) hazırladığı yasa tasarısında yer alan ve ilk kez konut sahibi olacakların bir kereye mahsus olmak üzere 100 bin YTL’ye kadar olan krediler için ödedikleri faizin gelir vergisiden düşmesini öngeren madde, geçen yıl TBMM Plan ve Bütçe Komisyonu’nda vergi kaybı olacağı gerekçesiyle tasarıdan çıkarılmıştı.
O dönemde vergi kaybı açıklaması inandırıcı bulunmamış, IMF’nin baskısıyla maddenin tasarıdan çıkarıldığı iddia edilmişti.

Sektör: Muafiyet önemli
Tasarının aylar sonra ele alınmasını, olumlu bir gelişme olarak değerlendiren gayrimenkul ve finans sektörünün temsilcileri, vergi muafiyetinin sistemin işleyişi ve daha fazla kişinin mortgage sisteminden yararlanması için çok önemli olduğu konusunda fikir birliği içinde.
Uzmanlar, tasarının yasalaşması konusunda geç kalınmış olmakla birlikte atılan adımın Türkiye’nin finansal ve siyasal alanda kararlılığını göstermesi açısından önemli bir gelişme olduğunu bildirdiler.

‘Karşı çıktığı doğru değil, IMF vergi teşvikini destekliyor’
Haluk Sur - ULI Türkiye Yürütme Kurulu Üyesi
“Her şeyden önce son günlerde bu işin arkasında bir siyasi kararlılık gözlemliyoruz, bu son derece önemli. Siyasi kararlılık bu işin olmazsa olmaz koşulu ve dış kaynaklı gelecek olan fonlar açısından ve iletilecek mesaj bakımından bu çok önem arz ediyor.
Bu anlamda Başbakan’ımızın ağzından ilk defa ‘mortgage’ kelimesini uzun zamandan sonra, yani konu kamuoyunun gündemine geldiğinden beri duymuş olmak çok sevindirici. İşin ciddiyetini ortaya koyuyor.
Ayrıca kanunun şimdi çıkarılacak olması yeniden ekonomik parametrelerin kontrol altında olduğunu, bazı ekonomik dengelerin yerli yerine oturduğunu, Türk ekonomisinin güvenle yoluna devam ettiğinin sinyalini veriyor.
Vergi teşviki bu işin olmazsa olmaz parçası. Bunu ‘IMF istemiyor’ diyorlardı. Bizim IMF’den aldığımız haberlerde tam tersi IMF’nin bunu Türkiye’deki istikrarın ve piyasaların yerli yerine oturması, mortgage sisteminin işlerlik kazanması ve istikrarın kalıcı olması bakımından teşvik ettiğini öğrendik, bunun olması şart.”

‘Gecikmeli olarak bile gündeme alınması piyasalara güven verir’
Bahadır Teker - Sermaye Piyasaları Kurulu eski Daire Başkan Yardımcısı
“Mortgage’ın uzun süredir yasallaşamaması uluslararası finans çevrelerinde hayal kırıklığı yaratmıştı. Bu tasarının gecikmeli olarak da olsa yasallaşıyor olması, Türkiye’nin yapısal reformlar yapabileceğini, sağlam finansal sistemler kurabileceğini hem de bunu iyi yapabileceğini göstermesi açısından çok önemli.
Biz bu tasarıyı hazırlarken teknokrat gözüyle ilk konutunu alacak olan vatandaşların 100 bin YTL’ye kadar olan kredileri için ödedikleri faizin gelir vergisi matrahından düşebilmesinin nüfusun yüzde 5′lik bir kısmını sistemin içine çekebileceğini düşündük. Hatta kredi faizlerinin düşmesi ile birlikte bu sayının yüzde 10′lara kadar çıkabileceğini öngördük. Burada önemli olan şey, bu yüzde 5-10′luk kesimin sisteme asıl ihtiyaç duyan yani ilk evini alacak olan kişiler olamasıdır.
Sistemin eksiklikleri ele alınmalı. Hükümetin alt ve orta gelir gruplarını ev sahibi olmasını sağlayacak diğer yasal düzenlemeleri yapması ve bu düzenlemeleri mortgage sistemine entegre etmesi çok önemli.

‘Teşvik, sistemi tabana yayar’
Bekir Cumurcu - Gayrimenkul Yatırım Ortaklığı Derneği Başkanı
“Her ne kadar seçim yatırımı olarak yorumlansa da tasarının TBMM Genel Kurulu’na getirilmesi doğru bir adım. Eğer gerçekten bir seçim yatırımı ise de doğru bir yatırımdır.
Mortgage sisteminde vergi teşviki, tüketici açısından maliyet düşürücü bir unsur ve birçok ülkede uygulanıyor. Sosyal boyutu olan, sistemi tabana yaymak açısından önemli bir enstrüman.
Mortgage’ın belli bir kesime hitap ettiği düşünüldüğünde, bu kesimi genişletmenin yolu vergi teşviki vermektir. Ancak vergi teşvikinin sistemin işleyişiyle bir ilgisi yoktur. Bu hükümetin tasarrufunda bir konudur.”

‘Sektör canlanır, kurtuluş formülü’
Hilmi Işıkören - Realty World Yönetim Kurulu Üyesi
“Türkiye’nin lokomotif sektörü olan gayrimenkul sektörünü canladıracak olan mortgage, Türkiye ekonomisinin kurtuluş formülüdür. Bu anlamda yasanın çıkması için atılan adımlar son derece yerindedir.
Hazırlanan tasarı, Avrupa ve Amerika’da kullanılan yasalardan örnek alınarak yapıldı. Eksikleri varsa da tamamlanabilir. Önemli olan çıkması. Bununla birlikte hükümet, tasarının eksikleri konusunda kamuoyundan aldığı sinyalleri iyi değerlendiriyor.
İkincil piyasalarda uygulanacak olan stopajın kaldırılması, vergi teşvikinin yeniden tartışılıyor olması önemli gelişmeler.”

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Mortgage yasa tasarısının bugün TBMM Genel Kurulunda ele alınacağını hatırlatan Unakıtan, görüşme öncesinde konuya ilişkin ahkam kesmenin doğru olmayacağını, sonucun hep birlikte görüleceğini söyledi.

Tasarıya son şeklini TBMM Genel Kurulunun vereceğini kaydeden Unakıtan, bir soru üzerine, vergi teşviki konusuna sıcak bakmadığını bildirdi. Bunun nedeninin sorulması üzerine Unakıtan, benzer uygulamaları yapan ABD ve Almanya gibi ülkelerin uygulamadan memnun olmadıklarını ve dönmenin yolunu aradıklarını
söyledi.

Vergi teşvikinin belli bir kesime uygulanacağına işaret eden Maliye Bakanı, bunun da vergide adaletsizlik yaratacağını kaydetti. Mortgage’dan yararlanacak vatandaşlar için vergi teşvikinden ziyade faizlerin düşmesinin önem taşıdığını ifade eden Unakıtan, bunun için de ülke riskinin ve enflasyonun düşürülmesi gerektiğini dile getirdi.

Unakıtan, konut faizlerinin geçen yıl yüzde 1 düzeyine gerilediğine işaret ederek, faizlerin yine ufak ufak inişe geçtiğini ve yüzde 1,5′lara indiğini kaydetti. Unakıtan, ‘Ekonomik politikalarımız istikrarlı bir şekilde giderse, hiçkimsenin şüphesi olmasın ki o faizler kısa süre sonra düşmeye başlayacak. Zaten düşüş trendi de başladı’ dedi.

Mortgage ile ilgili olası vergi teşvikinin maliyetine yönelik soru üzerine de Bakan Unakıtan, ‘Öyle bir teşvik düşünmediğim için hesap da yapmıyorum. Öyle hesaba falan girmiyorum. Niye öyle lüzumsuz hesaplar yapayım? Öyle bir teşvik düşünmüyorum çünkü. Olmaz inşallah’ diye konuştu.

Maliye Bakanı, bir gazetecinin ‘Vergi teşviki yasaya girerse, bunu mali disiplinde gedik olarak mı algılayacağız?’ sorusunu yanıtlarken de, her alınan karara karşı önlem gerektiğini belirterek, öyle bir durumda, koşula uygun çalışmaya başlayacaklarını söyledi. Unakıtan, böyle bir teşvikin olmamasını ‘kuvvetle arzu ettiğini’ tekrarladı.

Başka bir soruyu yanıtlarken de yine mali disiplinin önemini vurgulayan Kemal Unakıtan, göreve geldiklerinde yüzde 14,6 olan bütçe açığının, 2006′da yüzde 0,07′ye gerilediğine dikkati çekerek, mali disiplini, yön için ‘pusula’ gibi esas almak gerektiğini vurguladı.

‘FAİZLERİN DÜŞMESİ TEŞVİKTEN DAHA ÖNEMLİ’
Türkiye Müteahhitler Birliği Başkanı Erdal Eren de, gazetecilerin mortgage’da vergi teşvikine ilişkin soruları üzerine, mortgage’ın Türkiye için gecikmiş bir uygulama olduğunu söyledi.

Konut faizlerindeki düşüşle geçen yıl, uygulama için uygun zemin oluştuğunu, ancak ilkbaharda yaşanan ekonomik dalgalanma sonrasında faizlerin tekrar yükselişe geçtiğini hatırlatan Eren, faiz oranlarının uygulama için çok önemli olduğuna dikkati çekti.

Eren, ‘Şu andaki faizlerin mortage yasasının işlemesi açısından yüksek olduğunu düşünüyorum. Faizler yüksek. Yasa çıkar da uluslararası fonlar Türkiye konut piyasası için gelmeye başlarlarsa, onların da etkisiyle faizlerin daha hızlı düşeceği ümidim var’ dedi.

Faiz oranlarının düşmesinin vergisel teşvikten daha önemli olduğunu dile getiren Erdal Eren, ‘Tabii teşvikler de içinde olarak çıkarsa, vatandaşa da, bizim meslektaşımıza da daha fazla konut almak ve satmak imkanı vereceği için iyi olacaktır’ dedi.

Şimdiye kadar, konut kredileri, tüketici kredileri kapsamında yasal bir mevzuata tabi durumdaydı. Yeni yasayla, konut kredileri tüketici kredileri mevzuatından ayrılmış olacak. Böyle olmasının tüketiciler açısından bazı olumsuzlukları var. Bir anlamda, yeni yasa, bu haliyle, konut kredileri kullanıcılarına düzenleme açısından fazla bir avantaj getirmezken, kredi verenlere önemli esneklikler sağlıyor. Yeni düzenlemenin kredi kullanıcıları açısından en önemli yararı, eğer düşerse, konut kredileri faizinin düşmesi olacaktır.

ESNEKLİKLER

Tüketici kredileri yasası Türkiye’de tüketici kredileri kullananları “kral” gibi gören, krediyi verenleri ise kralın reayası olarak gören bir yasadır. Örneğin, tüketici kredisinin vadesi ne olursa olsun, faizi sabittir. Faiz, kredinin vadesi boyunca değiştirilemez. Krediyi alan borcunu vadesinden önce ödemeye kalkarsa, hiçbir cezai masrafı yoktur.

Konut kredileri de bu kapsamdayken, krediyi alanlar sabit faizli borçlarını faizler yükseldiğinde ek bir ceza ödemeden kapatabilmekte, daha düşük faizle yeni bir kredi alabilmekteydi. Yeni yasayla müşteriler yine sabit faizli kredi alabileceklerdir. Ama, krediyi vadesinden önce kapatabilmek için ek bir maliyet yükleneceklerdir. Dolayısıyla, eski krediyi kapatıp yenisinin alınmasının kárlı olabilmesi için faizlerin eskiye göre çok daha fazla düşmesi gerekecektir.

Tüketici kredileri mevzuatı kapsamında konut kredisi alanların bir bölümü aslında konut ipoteği karşılığı uzun vadeli işletme kredileri alıyorlardı. Yeni yasayla, konut kredilerinin, konut kredileri olarak işlev görme olasılığı artacaktır.

Yeni yasa, daha çok, kredi verenlere belli esneklikler sağlayacaktır. Örneğin, bankalar hem sabit faizli hem de değişken faizli konut kredileri pazarlayabileceklerdir. İki farklı kredi için farklı faiz oranları uygulayabileceklerdir. Her şeyden önce, bankalar konut kredilerinde ileriye dönük piyasa risk yönetimini daha iyi yapabileceklerdir.

Kredi verenlerin belli bir esnekliğe kavuşması konut kredileri faizlerinin göreli olarak düşmesine neden olabilecektir. Konut kredisi alanların yeni yasayla elde edecekleri en büyük avantaj da bu alanda olacaktır. Onun dışında, kredi kullananlar kendileri açısından daha az esnek bir mevzuat içinde kalacaklardır. Birçok ülkede uygulandığı halde, yeni yasa konut kredilerine ödenen faizlerin gelir vergisi matrahından düşülmesine bu haliyle izin vermemektedir. Olası vergi kayıpları nedeniyle Maliye Bakanlığı şimdilik bu yaklaşıma sıcak bakmamaktadır.

BİR BAŞLANGIÇ

Konut kredilerinin belli bir mevzuata kavuşacak olmasının bir başka önemli sonucu gayrimenkul piyasasına yatırım yapmayı hedefleyen uluslararası fonların bu piyasaya kaynak getirmesi olacaktır. Bankalarımız ve konut kredisi vermeye yetkili kurumlar konut kredilerinde kullanmak üzere uluslararası piyasalardan yeni fonlar bulabileceklerdir. Bu sayede, konut kredisi verenler risklerini daha iyi idare edebilecekleri gibi, daha fazla miktarda fon bulabileceklerdir. Daha fazla kaynak konut kredilerinde faizlerin düşmesi yönünde yardımcı olacaktır.

İşe bir yerden başlanılmalıydı. Konut kredileri tüketici kredileri yasasından koparılıp kendi içinde daha organize ve anlamlı bir yapıya kavuşturulmalıydı. Şimdi, bu yönde adımlar atılıyor. Uygulamaya geçince, bazı aksaklıklar zamanla çözülecektir.

Kaynak: Erkan Kumcu /Hürriyet